Facial Keypoints Tutorial

In this tutorial, we demonstrate how the dp library can be used to build convolution neural networks and easily extended using Feedback objects and the Mediator. To make things more spicy, we consider a case study involving its practical application to a Kaggle challenge provided by the University of Montreal: Facial Keypoints Detection.

Planning and Analysis

The first step is to determine how to approach the problem and outline the necessary components that will be needed to get the model working. It is in this step that one plans the final model(s) and components that will be required to get your experiments running. In our case, we had already implemented a similar model in Pylearn2 such that we had a general idea what worked well for this particular problem.

The problem has each 96x96 black-and-white images associated to 15 keypoints, each identifies by an (x,y) coordinate. The problem is thus a regression where the target is a vector of 15x2=30 values bounded between 0 and 96, the size of the image. If you think like me, your initial reflex might be to use a simple multi-layer perceptron (or neural network) with a Linear output and a Mean Square Error Criterion. Or maybe we can bound the output by using a Sigmoid (which bound it between 0 and 1), and then scale the output by a constant greater than 96.

However, these approaches don't work well in practice as they don't correctly capture the spatial localities. An alternative solution is to model the output space as 30 vectors of size 97, and translate each target value to a small (standard deviation of about 1) gaussian blur centered at the keypoint coordinate. This increases the precision of the new targets as compared to just using a one-hot vector (a vector with one 1, the rest being zeros).

The use of a gaussian blur centered on the target, which amounts to predicting multinomial probabilities, can be combined with the DistKLDivCriterion to train a SoftMax output for each keypoint. However, a MultSoftMax Module would need to be implemented to accomodate this use case.

As for any new problem, we also need to adapt the Kaggle Facial Keypoints Detection dataset to dp by wrapping it in a DataSource. We will also require a simple baseline which we can compare our own models to, and use to test the correctness of our Kaggle submissions (test-set predictions). A Feedback object will be required for comparing our Mean Square Error on the train and valid set to the baseline predictor. And another Feedback will be required for preparing Kaggle submissions when new minima on the valid set are found (where these minima will be evaluated using the above Feedback object).

Building Components

From the above analysis, we can begin to draw a roadmap of components to build :

  1. FacialKeypoints : wrapper for the DataSource;
  2. FKDKaggle : a Feedback for creating a Kaggle submission out of predictions;
  3. FacialKeypointFeedback : a Feedback for monitoring performance (and comparing to baseline);
  4. MultiSoftMax : a nn.Module that will allow us to apply a softmax for each keypoint;
  5. facialkeypointsdetector.lua : main launch script;

FacialKeypoints

The first task of any machine learning endeavor is to prepare the dataset for use within the library. In this case, the data was provided in CSV-format as training.csv and test.csv file. So we went shopping on GitHub for a free open-source CSV library and found Clement Farabet's csvigo which can be installed through luarocks.

We loaded the two CSV files into Tensors using th (at the time, we didn't think to log this process). We shuffled the training set and saved both Tensors into train.th7 and test.th7 files.

The dataset wrapper, FacialKeypoints, inherits DataSource:

local FacialKeypoints, DataSource = torch.class("dp.FacialKeypoints", "dp.DataSource")
FacialKeypoints.isFacialKeypoints = true

The wrapper has some static attributes like the name (which is also the name of the directory where the data will be stored), size of the images (useful for initializing SpatialConvolution modules), collapsed feature size (useful for initializing Linear modules), the image and target axes (or views) as used in Views.

FacialKeypoints._name = 'FacialKeypoints'
FacialKeypoints._image_size = {1, 96, 96}
FacialKeypoints._feature_size = 1*96*96
FacialKeypoints._image_axes = 'bchw'
FacialKeypoints._target_axes = 'bwc'

Next is the almighty constructor which takes a dictionary of keyword arguments. The valid_ratio specifies the proportion of the train.th7 Tensor to be allocated for cross-validation (the validation set). The download_url specifies the location of the zipped data (train.th7, test.th7, submissionFileFormat.csv, baseline.th7 and baseline.csv). This allows the user to download all the data required by this wrapper. The data_path specifies where this data will be stored. It default to dp.DATA_DIR which defaults to environment variables $DEEP_DATA_PATH or $TORCH_DATA_PATH/data (which you can specify in your ~/.bashrc file on Ubuntu). The stdv specifies the standard deviation of the gaussian blur used for making the MultiSoftMax targets. The scale table scales the image pixels between two numbers (between 0 and 1 in this case):

function FacialKeypoints:__init(config) 
   config = config or {}
   assert(torch.type(config) == 'table' and not config[1], 
      "Constructor requires key-value arguments")
   local args, load_all
   args, self._valid_ratio, self._train_file, self._test_file, 
      self._data_path, self._download_url, self._stdv, self._scale, 
      self._shuffle, load_all = xlua.unpack(
      {config},
      'FacialKeypoints', 
      'https://www.kaggle.com/c/facial-keypoints-detection/data',
      {arg='valid_ratio', type='number', default=1/6,
       help='proportion of training set to use for cross-validation.'},
      {arg='train_file', type='string', default='train.th7',
       help='name of training file'},
      {arg='test_file', type='string', default='test.th7',
       help='name of test file'},
      {arg='data_path', type='string', default=dp.DATA_DIR,
       help='path to data repository'},
      {arg='download_url', type='string',
       default='http://stife076.files.wordpress.com/2014/08/FacialKeypoints.zip',
       help='URL from which to download dataset if not found on disk.'},
      {arg='stdv', type='number', default=0.8, 
       help='standard deviation of the gaussian blur used for targets'},
      {arg='scale', type='table', 
       help='bounds to scale the values between. [Default={0,1}]'},
      {arg='shuffle', type='boolean', 
       help='shuffle train set', default=true},
      {arg='load_all', type='boolean', 
       help='Load all datasets : train, valid, test.', default=true},
      {arg='input_preprocess', type='table | dp.Preprocess',
       help='to be performed on set inputs, measuring statistics ' ..
       '(fitting) on the train_set only, and reusing these to ' ..
       'preprocess the valid_set and test_set.'},
      {arg='target_preprocess', type='table | dp.Preprocess',
       help='to be performed on set targets, measuring statistics ' ..
       '(fitting) on the train_set only, and reusing these to ' ..
       'preprocess the valid_set and test_set.'}  
   )
   self._scale = self._scale or {0,1}
   self._pixels = torch.range(0,97):float()
   if load_all then
      self:loadTrain()
      self:loadValid()
      self:loadTest()
   end
   DataSource.__init(self, {
      train_set=self:trainSet(), 
      valid_set=self:validSet(),
      test_set=self:testSet()
   })
end

All three methods load[Train,Valid,Test]() are used to respectively load the train, valid and test DataSets. The train and valid sets are treated differently than the test set as the former are shuffled by default and the latter doesn't have any targets per se, as these are hidden on Kaggle for the purpose of allowing objective scoring. All methods are similar, but we will focus on loadTrain:

function FacialKeypoints:loadTrain()
   --Data will contain a tensor where each row is an example, and where
   --the last column contains the target class.
   local data = self:loadData(self._train_file, self._download_url)
   local start = 1
   local size = math.floor(data:size(1)*(1-self._valid_ratio))
   local train_data = data:narrow(1, start, size)
   self:trainSet(self:createTrainSet(train_data, 'train'))
   return self:trainSet()
end

All three methods use the loadData method internally, which requires a file_name and download_url. They use the DataSource.getDataPath function to torch.load serialized data, as do most of the DataSource subclasses. If the file data_dir/name/FacialKeypoints.zip cannot be located, it is dowloaded from download_url and decompressed.:

function FacialKeypoints:loadData(file_name, download_url)
   local path = DataSource.getDataPath{
      name=self._name, url=download_url, 
      decompress_file=file_name, 
      data_dir=self._data_path
   }
   return torch.load(path)
end

The loadTrain and loadValid methods then narrow the returned data using the constructor-specified valid_ratio. They then pass their chunk of data to the createTrainSet method which wraps the inputs in an ImageView and the targets in a SequenceView. Both of these are then wrapped in a DataSet:

function FacialKeypoints:createTrainSet(data, which_set)
   if self._shuffle then
      data = data:index(1, torch.randperm(data:size(1)):long())
   end
   local inputs = data:narrow(2, 31, 96*96):clone():view(data:size(1),1,96,96)
   local targets = self:makeTargets(data:narrow(2, 1, 30))

   if self._scale then
      DataSource.rescale(inputs, self._scale[1], self._scale[2])
   end

   -- construct inputs and targets dp.Views 
   local input_v, target_v = dp.ImageView(), dp.SequenceView()
   input_v:forward(self._image_axes, inputs)
   target_v:forward(self._target_axes, targets)
   -- construct dataset
   return dp.DataSet{inputs=input_v,targets=target_v,which_set=which_set}
end

It uses a makeTargets method to transform a scalar keypoint coordinate (for one axis) into a vector of size 98 with a gaussian blur centered around the original scalar value. So a Tensor of size (batchSize, nKeypoints*2) is transformed into another of size (batchSize, nKeypoints*2, 98):

function FacialKeypoints:makeTargets(y)
   -- y : (batch_size, num_keypoints*2)
   -- Y : (batch_size, num_keypoints*2, 98)
   Y = torch.FloatTensor(y:size(1), y:size(2), 98):zero()
   local pixels = self._pixels
   local stdv = self._stdv
   local k = 0
   for i=1,y:size(1) do
      local keypoints = y[i]
      local new_keypoints = Y[i]
      for j=1,y:size(2) do
         local kp = keypoints[j]
         if kp ~= -1 then
            local new_kp = new_keypoints[j]
            new_kp:add(pixels, -kp)
            new_kp:cmul(new_kp)
            new_kp:div(2*stdv*stdv)
            new_kp:mul(-1)
            new_kp:exp(new_kp)
            new_kp:div(math.sqrt(2*math.pi)*stdv)
         else
            k = k + 1
         end
      end
   end
   return Y
end

Finally, we include a method for loading the submissionFileFormat.csv which is used to prepare kaggle submissions, and another for loading a constant value baseline.th7, which contains the mean keypoints from the training set:

function FacialKeypoints:loadSubmission(path)
   path = path or DataSource.getDataPath{
      name=self._name, url=self._download_url, 
      decompress_file='submissionFileFormat.csv', 
      data_dir=self._data_path
   }
   require 'csvigo'
   local csv = csvigo.load{path=path,mode='raw'}
   -- fix weird string bug
   for i, row in ipairs(csv) do
      if i ~= 1 then
         row[3] = row[3]:sub(1,#row[3]-1)
      end
   end
   return csv
end

function FacialKeypoints:loadBaseline(path)
   path = path or DataSource.getDataPath{
      name=self._name, url=self._download_url, 
      decompress_file='baseline.th7', 
      data_dir=self._data_path
   }
   return torch.load(path)
end

It is good practice to make all data accessible from such DataSource classes. Even if some of the data is required to initialize other objects. This is the case for example of the FKDKaggle and FacialKeypoints Feedbacks, which are initialized with the output of this DataSource's loadSubmission and loadBaseline methods.

FKDKaggle

Feedbacks are a little tricky to get the hang of, but are very useful for extending an experiment with task-tailored I/O functionality. The FKDKaggle is a Feedback class used to prepare Kaggle submissions and persist them to disk in CSV-format each time a new minima is found on the validation set.

local FKDKaggle, parent = torch.class("dp.FKDKaggle", "dp.Feedback")
FKDKaggle.isFKDKaggle = true

Kaggle requires a CSV submission with two columns: RowId, Location. Each such RowId is associated to an ImageId and FeatureName in the submissionFileFormat.csv file. Furthermore, some of the images in the test set only need to predict a subset of all keypoints (identified by FeatureName). So we map each FeatureName string to an index of the output space:

FKDKaggle._submission_map = {
   ['left_eye_center_x'] = 1, ['left_eye_center_y'] = 2,
   ['right_eye_center_x'] = 3, ['right_eye_center_y'] = 4,
   ['left_eye_inner_corner_x'] = 5, ['left_eye_inner_corner_y'] = 6,
   ['left_eye_outer_corner_x'] = 7, ['left_eye_outer_corner_y'] = 8,
   ['right_eye_inner_corner_x'] = 9, ['right_eye_inner_corner_y'] = 10,
   ['right_eye_outer_corner_x'] = 11, ['right_eye_outer_corner_y'] = 12,
   ['left_eyebrow_inner_end_x'] = 13, ['left_eyebrow_inner_end_y'] = 14,
   ['left_eyebrow_outer_end_x'] = 15, ['left_eyebrow_outer_end_y'] = 16,
   ['right_eyebrow_inner_end_x'] = 17, ['right_eyebrow_inner_end_y'] = 18,
   ['right_eyebrow_outer_end_x'] = 19, ['right_eyebrow_outer_end_y'] = 20,
   ['nose_tip_x'] = 21, ['nose_tip_y'] = 22,
   ['mouth_left_corner_x'] = 23, ['mouth_left_corner_y'] = 24,
   ['mouth_right_corner_x'] = 25, ['mouth_right_corner_y'] = 26,
   ['mouth_center_top_lip_x'] = 27, ['mouth_center_top_lip_y'] = 28,
   ['mouth_center_bottom_lip_x'] = 29, ['mouth_center_bottom_lip_y'] = 30
}

The constructor is pretty straightforward. It requires a sample submission table (see FacialKeypoints:loadSubmission above), and a file_name of the submissions that will be prepared for Kaggle. We also prepare some Tensors required for translating outputs to keypoint coordinate values. Notice that the csvigo package is imported inside the constructor, which doesn't make it a dependency of the entire dp package:

function FKDKaggle:__init(config)
   config = config or {}
   assert(torch.type(config) == 'table' and not config[1], 
      "Constructor requires key-value arguments")
   local args, submission, file_name, save_dir, name = xlua.unpack(
      {config},
      'FKDKaggle', 
      'Used to prepare a Kaggle Submission for the '..
      'Facial Keypoints Detection challenge',
      {arg='submission', type='table', req=true, 
       help='sample submission table'},
      {arg='file_name', type='string', req=true,
       help='name of file to save submission to'},
      {arg='save_dir', type='string', default=dp.SAVE_DIR,
       help='defaults to dp.SAVE_DIR'},
      {arg='name', type='string', default='FKDKaggle',
       help='name identifying Feedback in reports'}
   )
   require 'csvigo'
   config.name = name
   self._save_dir = save_dir
   self._template = submission
   self._submission = {{submission[1][1],submission[1][4]}}
   self._file_name = file_name
   parent.__init(self, config)
   self._pixels = torch.range(0,97):float():view(1,1,98)
   self._output = torch.FloatTensor()
   self._keypoints = torch.FloatTensor()
   self._i = 2
   self._path = paths.concat(self._save_dir, self._file_name)
end

The next Feedback method is called by the Propagator after every forward propagation of the Batch. Here we use it to translate the output (a SequenceView) to scalar coordinate values. This is done by taking the expectation of each coordinate. We use torch.range (see previous snipped) over the coordinate space (the width and height of the image) : 0,1,2,...,97. The expected coordinate is taken by summing the element-wise multiplication of this range by each keypoint prediction. Remember that each keypoint prediction will be passed through a softmax to obtain multinomial probabilities. This method also prepares a table of submissions in a format that package csvigo understands.

function FKDKaggle:_add(batch, output, report)
   local target = batch:targets():forward('b')
   local act = output:forward('bwc', 'torch.FloatTensor')
   local pixels = self._pixels:expandAs(act)
   self._output:cmul(act, pixels)
   self._keypoints:sum(self._output, 3)
   for i=1,act:size(1) do
      local keypoint = self._keypoints[i]:select(2,1)
      local row = self._template[self._i]
      local imageId = tonumber(row[2])
      assert(imageId == target[i])
      while (imageId == target[i]) do
         row = self._template[self._i]
         if not row then
            break
         end
         imageId = tonumber(row[2])
         local keypointName = row[3]
         self._submission[self._i] = {
            row[1], keypoint[self._submission_map[keypointName]]
         }
         self._i = self._i + 1
      end
   end
end

function FKDKaggle:_reset()
   self._i = 2
end

When all test set batches and outputs (predictions) have been passed to the Feedback, the submission contains all the information necessary for generating the CSV file. However, this file is only prepared when a new minima is discovered by the EarlyStopper. Almost all objects part of an Experiment can communicate via the Mediator Singleton. Listeners need only subscribe to a channel and register a callback. In this case, both have the same name: errorMinima. The EarlySopper notifies the errorMinima channel (via the Mediator) every epoch, which results in all registered callbacks being notified. If a new minima is found, it passes the first argument as true, otherwise its false. In our case, this means the CSV file is created:

function FKDKaggle:setup(config)
   parent.setup(self, config)
   self._mediator:subscribe("errorMinima", self, "errorMinima")
end

function FKDKaggle:errorMinima(found_minima)
   if found_minima then
      csvigo.save{path=self._path,data=self._submission,mode='raw'}
   end
end

FacialKeypointFeedback

Unlike the previous Feedback which is used for preparing submissions base on the model predictions given the test set, this one is used for the train and valid set. Its can take an optional baseline Tensor, which contains the mean of the 30 keypoints over the train and valid set. We built a simple script to prepare this baseline and generate baseline.th7, which can be obtained via the FacialKeypoints DataSource.

The FacialKeypointFeedback is initialized with the baseline (optional) and the precision (size) of the keypoint vectors (in our case, 98). Notice again how we initialize a Tensor for each intermediate operation we require. This allows us to reuse the same Tensor as opposed to reallocating memory for each batch:

local FacialKeypointFeedback, parent = torch.class("dp.FacialKeypointFeedback", "dp.Feedback")
FacialKeypointFeedback.isFacialKeypointFeedback = true

function FacialKeypointFeedback:__init(config)
   config = config or {}
   assert(torch.type(config) == 'table' and not config[1], 
      "Constructor requires key-value arguments")
   local args, precision, baseline, name = xlua.unpack(
      {config},
      'FacialKeypointFeedback', 
      'Uses mean square error to measure error w.r.t targets.'..
      'Optionaly compares this to constant (mean) value baseline',
      {arg='precision', type='number', req=true,
       help='precision (an integer) of the keypoint coordinates'},
      {arg='baseline', type='torch.Tensor', default=false,
       help='Constant baseline used for comparison'},
      {arg='name', type='string', default='facialkeypoint',
       help='name identifying Feedback in reports'}
   )
   config.name = name
   if baseline then
      assert(baseline:dim() == 1, "expecting 1D constant-value baseline")
      self._baseline = baseline
      self._baselineSum = torch.Tensor():zero()
   end
   self._precision = precision
   parent.__init(self, config)
   self._pixels = torch.range(0,precision-1):float():view(1,1,precision)
   self._output = torch.FloatTensor()
   self._keypoints = torch.FloatTensor()
   self._targets = torch.FloatTensor()
   self._sum = torch.Tensor():zero()
   self._count = torch.Tensor():zero()
   self._mse = torch.Tensor()
end

The _add method is very similar to the above in how scalar coordinates are obtained from the output. The mean square error (MSE) of both the baseline and the predictions w.r.t. targets is accumulated using self._sum (or self._baselineSum) and self._count:

function FacialKeypointFeedback:_add(batch, output, report)
   local target = batch:targets():forward('bwc')
   local act = output:forward('bwc', 'torch.FloatTensor')
   if not self._isSetup then
      self._sum:resize(act:size(2)):zero()
      self._count:resize(act:size(2)):zero()
      if self._baseline then
         self._baselineSum:resize(act:size(2)):zero()
      end
      self._isSetup = true
   end
   local pixels = self._pixels:expandAs(act)
   self._output:cmul(act, pixels)
   self._keypoints:sum(self._output, 3)
   self._output:cmul(target, pixels)
   self._targets:sum(self._output, 3)
   for i=1,self._keypoints:size(1) do
      local keypoint = self._keypoints[i]:select(2,1)
      local target = self._targets[i]:select(2,1)
      for j=1,self._keypoints:size(2) do
         local t = target[j]
         if t > 0.00001 then
            local err = keypoint[j] - t
            self._sum[j] = self._sum[j] + (err*err) --sum square error
            self._count[j] = self._count[j] + 1
            if (not self._baselineMse) and self._baseline then
               local err = self._baseline[j] - t
               self._baselineSum[j] = self._baselineSum[j] + (err*err)
            end
         end
      end
   end
end

After each pass over train, valid and test sets (or epoch), a doneEpoch notificaiton is sent to Subscribers, including this Feedback:

function FacialKeypointFeedback:setup(config)
   parent.setup(self, config)
   self._mediator:subscribe("doneEpoch", self, "doneEpoch")
end

The doneEpoch method is the registered callback. It prints a message comparing the MSE of the model predictions to that of the baseline:

function FacialKeypointFeedback:doneEpoch(report)
   if self._n_sample > 0 then
      local msg = self._id:toString().." MSE = "..self:meanSquareError()
      if self._baselineMse then
         msg = msg.." vs "..self._baselineMse
      end
      print(msg)
   end
end

function FacialKeypointFeedback:meanSquareError()
   if (not self._baselineMse) and self._baseline then
      self._baselineMse = torch.cdiv(self._baselineSum, self._count):mean()
   end
   return self._mse:cdiv(self._sum, self._count):mean()
end

Every epoch, the MSE statistics are also reset:

function FacialKeypointFeedback:_reset()
   self._sum:zero()
   self._count:zero()
end

Finally, a report is prepared every epoch. It includes field mse, which contains the MSE of predictions. This will be useful later when we will need to early-stop on minima found on the validation set:

function FacialKeypointFeedback:report()
   return { 
      [self:name()] = {
         mse = self._n_sample > 0 and self:meanSquareError() or 0
      },
      n_sample = self._n_sample
   }
end

MultiSoftMax

Unlike the other extensions, which affect the dp package, this is a nn Module that we have chose to include via Clement Farabet's experimental nnx package.

The purpose of the MultiSoftMax Module is to take a 2D or 3D input and performa a softmax over the row represented by the last dimension. In our case, the input is a Tensor of size: (batchSize, nKeypoints*2, 98). The classic SoftMax Module only takes 1D or 2D inputs, but has C and Cuda implementations, which we will reuse here:

local MultiSoftMax, parent = torch.class('nn.MultiSoftMax', 'nn.Module')

function MultiSoftMax.__init(self)
   parent.__init(self)
   self._input = torch.Tensor()
   self._output = torch.Tensor()
   self._gradInput = torch.Tensor()
   self._gradOutput = torch.Tensor()
end

The function input.nn.SoftMax_updateOutput is of the same Tensor-type as the input, such that the C-version is used for torch.FloatTensors and torch.DoubleTensors, while the CUDA-version is called for the torch.CudaTensors. If we reshape the 3D inputs to 2D by collapsing the first two dimensions, we can reuse the same functions used in SoftMax:

function MultiSoftMax:updateOutput(input)
   if input:dim() == 2 then
      return input.nn.SoftMax_updateOutput(self, input)
   end
   if input:dim() ~= 3 then
      error"Only supports 2D or 3D inputs"
   end
   self._input:view(input, input:size(1)*input:size(2), input:size(3))
   local output = self.output
   self.output = self._output
   input.nn.SoftMax_updateOutput(self, self._input)
   output:viewAs(self.output, input)
   self.output = output
   return self.output
end

function MultiSoftMax:updateGradInput(input, gradOutput)
   if input:dim() == 2 then
      return input.nn.SoftMax_updateGradInput(self, input, gradOutput)
   end
   self._gradOutput:view(gradOutput, input:size(1)*input:size(2), input:size(3))
   local gradInput = self.gradInput
   self.gradInput = self._gradInput
   local output = self.output
   self.output = self._output
   input.nn.SoftMax_updateGradInput(self, self._input, self._gradOutput)
   self.gradInput = gradInput:viewAs(self.gradInput, input)
   self.output = output
   return self.gradInput
end

We also included some unit tests before submitting our MultiSoftMax via a Pull Request to the nnx package:

function nnxtest.MultiSoftMax()
   local inputSize = 7 
   local nSoftmax = 5
   local batchSize = 3

   local input = torch.randn(batchSize, nSoftmax, inputSize)
   local gradOutput = torch.randn(batchSize, nSoftmax, inputSize)
   local msm = nn.MultiSoftMax()

   local output = msm:forward(input)
   local gradInput = msm:backward(input, gradOutput)
   mytester:assert(output:isSameSizeAs(input))
   mytester:assert(gradOutput:isSameSizeAs(gradInput))

   local sm = nn.SoftMax()
   local input2 = input:view(batchSize*nSoftmax, inputSize)
   local output2 = sm:forward(input2)
   local gradInput2 = sm:backward(input2, gradOutput:view(batchSize*nSoftmax, inputSize))

   mytester:assertTensorEq(output, output2, 0.000001)
   mytester:assertTensorEq(gradInput, gradInput2, 0.000001)
end

facialkeypointsdetector.lua

The final component is the script that provides different cmd-line options for specifying Model assembly and Experiment hyper-parameters.

Running Experiments

The last step is to use the components assembled in the launch script to run some experiments, and maybe even optimize hyper-parameters:

th examples/facialkeypointdetector.lua --learningRate 0.1 --maxOutNorm 2 --cuda --useDevice 1 --batchSize 16 --channelSize '{96,96}' --kernelSize '{7,7}' --poolSize '{2,2}' --poolStride '{2,2}' --hiddenSize 3000 --maxEpoch 1000 --maxTries 100 --accUpdate --normalInit --activation ReLU --submissionFile cnn1.csv